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Saltwater Master Liquid Test Kit: high range pH 7.4 to 8.8, ammonia NH3/NH4+, nitrite NO2-, nitrate NO3-. Fast, easy and accurate. The Saltwater Master liquid test kit provides information on how to perform each test, how often to perform the tests, what the test results mean, and how to correct any unsafe water conditions that may be detected. This Kit contains:Instructional Booklet CompleteWater Resistant Test Solution Bottles for 4 saltwater testsFour glass test tubes with snap-tight caps in holders.Why test pH? pH is the measure of acidity of water. A pH reading of 7.0 is neutral. A pH higher than 7.0 is alkaline and a pH lower than 7.0 is acidic. Certain freshwater fish thrive at a pH above 7.0. Livebearers, goldfish and African cichlids prefer a pH of 7.5. Marine fish and invertebrates require a pH between 8.2 to 8.4. Maintaining the aquarium at the proper pH ensures optimal water quality. Testing Tips: This kit measures pH from 7.4 to 8.8 in either fresh or saltwater aquariums. Artificial salt water should have a pH of 8.2. If not, adjustment with Aquarium Pharmaceuticals Proper pH 8.2 is recommended. pH adjustment may be required in newly made salt water. Why test for Ammonia? Tropical fish continually release ammonia NH3, directly into the aquarium through their gills, urine and solid waste. Uneaten food and other decaying organic matter also add ammonia to the water. A natural mechanism exists that controls ammonia in the aquarium - the biological filter. It is made up of nitrifying bacteria, which live in the gravel bed. However, as with any natural process, imbalances can occur. Testing for the presence of toxic ammonia is essential, so that once detected, steps can be taken to remove it. Otherwise, ammonia in the aquarium will damage gill membranes, and prevent fish from carrying normal respiration. High levels of ammonia quickly lead to fish death. Even trace amounts stress fish, suppressing their immune system and thereby increasing the likelihood of disease outbreaks and subsequent fish loss. Testing Tips: This salicylate based ammonia test kit reads the total ammonia level in parts per million ppm which are equivalent to milligrams per Liter mg/L from 0 ppm to 8.0 ppm mg/L, in either fresh or saltwater aquariums.Why test for Nitrite? Nitrite NO2- is produced in the aquarium by biological filter. Beneficial bacteria in the biological filter convert toxic ammonia into nitrite also toxic. The biological filter then converts nitrite into nitrate NO3-. Testing for the presence of toxic nitrite is essential, so that once detected, steps can be taken to remove it. Otherwise, nitrite in the aquarium will prevent fish from carrying on normal respiration. High levels of nitrite quickly lead to fish death. Even trace amounts of nitrite stress fish, suppressing their immune system and, thereby, increase the likelihood of disease and subsequent fish loss. Testing Tips: This test kit reads total nitrite NO2- level in p