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Why a Lifegard fluidized bed filter?Due to its unique shape, the Lifegard Fluidized Bed Filter is an extremely efficient, high capacity biological filter. Aquatic organisms excrete toxic ammonia as a metabolic waste product..with additional ammonia produced as food and other organic matter breaks down and decomposes. This toxic ammonia NH3 is converted to another toxic compound called nitrite NO2 by the Nitrosomonas species of bacteria. The nitrite is then converted to a relatively non toxic compound called nitrate NO3 by the Nitrobacter species of bacteria. This process is known as nitrification.A biological filter is a vessel where nitrification occurs and soluble waste is removed. Beneficial bacteria attach to the media within the Lifegard Fluidized Bed Filter, creating a thin film around the sand grains. Water is pumped up through the unit, lifting the sand into a fluidized bed. The beneficial bacteria attached to the media utilized dissolved wastes ammonia and nitrite, oxygen supplied by Rainbow's exclusive water fall device, and other required nutrients from the passing water converting them to relatively harmless nitrate. The sand grains are in continual free fall through the water resulting in an excellent transfer capability between the water and the bacterial film on the media. The enormously high surface area combined with this excellent transfer capability creates the perfect habitat for bacterial growth. In addition, the sand grains bump into each other frequently which knock off excess debris and provides a self cleaning function allowing new areas for bacterial growth.The Lifegard Fluidized Bed Filter has been tested and proven to supply the highest level of effluent water quality and will respond quickly and efficiently to severe changes in ammonia levels caused by over feeding or the addition of too many fish at one time.To obtain highest water quality, a Lifegard Fluidized Bed Filter should be part of the system.